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<title>Gabriel Kolko</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabriel Kolko</span></h1>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Gabriel Kolko</b> (* <a href="17._August" title="17. August">17. August</a> <a href="1932" title="1932">1932</a> in <a href="Paterson_(New_Jersey)" title="Paterson (New Jersey)">Paterson</a>; † <a href="19._Mai" title="19. Mai">19. Mai</a> <a href="2014" title="2014">2014</a> in <a href="Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>) war ein US-amerikanischer Historiker und politischer Schriftsteller. Die Hauptinteressen lagen im US-Kapitalismus, in der <a href="Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> und in der US-Außenpolitik, besonders im <a href="Kalter_Krieg" title="Kalter Krieg">Kalten Krieg</a> und in der <a href="Vietnamkrieg" title="Vietnamkrieg">Vietnampolitik</a>. Er zählt zu den <a href="Geschichtsrevisionismus" title="Geschichtsrevisionismus">Revisionisten</a> im Gefolge von <a href="William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a>. Er wohnte zuletzt in Amsterdam, wo er nach dem Tod (2012) seiner Frau Joyce 2014 durch Euthanasie<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starb.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Der Lehrersohn besuchte die <a href="Kent_State_University" title="Kent State University">Kent State University</a>, wo er in amerikanischer Wirtschaftsgeschichte den BA 1954 erwarb. Danach besuchte er die <a href="University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a> und erwarb einen Master in amerikanischer Sozialgeschichte. Die Promotion erfolgte an der <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> 1962. Er war aktiv in der <i>Student League for Industrial Democracy</i> (SLID), wo er erste politische Beiträge veröffentlichte. Als Professor lehrte er an der <a href="University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, der <a href="University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">SUNY Buffalo</a> und von 1970 bis 1986 an der <a href="York_University" title="York University">York University</a> in <a href="Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. Er war Mitglied der <a href="Royal_Society_of_Canada" title="Royal Society of Canada">Royal Society of Canada</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historische_Werke">Historische Werke</h2></div>

<p>Seine Untersuchungen (1963) zur Progressive Era (1900 bis 1920) zeigten, dass die durch die Politik eingeleitete Kontrolle der Kartelle weniger von ihr ausging als von den ökonomischen Eliten selbst gesteuert wurde. Dies galt auch für die <a href="Demokratische_Partei_(Vereinigte_Staaten)" title="Demokratische Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)">Demokratische Partei</a>.

</p><p>1968 begann Kolko mit <i>The Politics of War</i> mit seiner revisionistischen Sicht auf die US-Außenpolitik seit 1945. Es folgten <i>The Roots of American Foreign Policy</i> (1969), wo er die Unangemessenheit der <a href="Containment-Politik" title="Containment-Politik">Containment-Politik</a> als Ursache des Scheiterns in Vietnam ausmachte. Mit seiner Frau Joyce schrieb er <i>The Limits of Power</i> (1972), das breite Anerkennung fand. Zum Vietnamkrieg selbst steuerte er die breite Studie <i>Anatomy of a War</i> (1985) bei, die erstmals in den USA den Krieg als von vornherein nicht gewinnbar einschätzte. In <i>Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace</i> (1997) blickte er auf die Entwicklung in Vietnam unter den Kommunisten zurück, die er kritisch beurteilte. Der Historiker <a href="Gaddis_Smith" title="Gaddis Smith">Gaddis Smith</a> (Yale) bezeichnete seine revisionistischen Arbeiten als Pamphlete.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wirtschaftliche_und_politische_Positionen">Wirtschaftliche und politische Positionen</h2></div>

<p>Unter den US-<a href="Wirtschaftshistoriker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirtschaftshistoriker">Wirtschaftshistorikern</a> gehörte er zu den Vertretern eines <i>Corporate Liberalism</i> im Gefolge von <a href="Adolf_Augustus_Berle" title="Adolf Augustus Berle">Adolf Berle</a>. Neben dem geschichtlichen Werk trat er als <a href="Demokratischer_Sozialismus" title="Demokratischer Sozialismus">demokratischer Sozialist</a> für politische Ziele ein. Er kritisierte die marxistische Theorie als zu deterministisch. Trotz jüdischer Herkunft lehnte er den Staat <a href="Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> ab.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als der <a href="Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a> <a href="Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a> 1975 einnahm, waren Gabriel und Joyce Kolko zufällig in <a href="Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a> und verkündeten dort das Ereignis im Lokalradio.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die US-Politik im Irak und Afghanistan bezeichnete er 2007 als ziellos und sah sie in der erfolglosen Tradition seit 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The US is losing the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan for the very same reasons it lost all of its earlier conflicts. It has the manpower and firepower advantage, as always, but these are ultimately irrelevant in the medium- and long-run</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften">Schriften</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite style="font-style:italic">World in Crisis: the End of the American Century</cite>. Pluto Press, London 2009.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=World+in+Crisis%3A+the+End+of+the+American+Century&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pluto+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">After Socialism: Reconstructing Critical Social Thought</cite>. <a href="Routledge_(Verlag)" title="Routledge (Verlag)">Routledge</a>, Abingdon 2006.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=After+Socialism%3A+Reconstructing+Critical+Social+Thought&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pub=Routledge" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">The Age of War: The United States Confronts the World</cite>. Lynne Rienner, Boulder, CO 2006.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+War%3A+The+United+States+Confronts+the+World&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Boulder%2C+CO&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner" style="display:none"> </span>

<ul><li><i>Machtpolitik ohne Perspektive: Die USA gegen den Rest der Welt</i>, Zürich 2007, ISBN 978-3-85869-356-3</li></ul></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Another Century of War?</cite> The New Press, New York, NY 2002.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Another+Century+of+War%3F&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=The+New+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace</cite>. Routledge, London, New York, NY 1997.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+Anatomy+of+a+Peace&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London%2C+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914</cite>. The New Press, New York, NY 1994.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Century+of+War%3A+Politics%2C+Conflicts%2C+and+Society+since+1914&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=The+New+Press" style="display:none"> </span>

<ul><li><i>Das Jahrhundert der Kriege</i>, S. Fischer, Frankfurt/M. 1999, ISBN 978-3-10-040010-9</li></ul></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Confronting the Third World: United States Foreign Policy, 1945–1980</cite>. Pantheon Books, New York, NY 1988.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Confronting+the+Third+World%3A+United+States+Foreign+Policy%2C+1945-1980&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience</cite>. The New Press, New York, NY 1994.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+a+War%3A+Vietnam%2C+the+United+States%2C+and+the+Modern+Historical+Experience&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=The+New+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Main Currents in Modern American History</cite>. Harper & Row, New York, NY 1976.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Main+Currents+in+Modern+American+History&rft.date=1976&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li>mit Joyce Kolko: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Limits of Power: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1945–1954</cite>. Harper & Row, New York, NY 1972.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=The+Limits+of+Power%3A+The+World+and+United+States+Foreign+Policy%2C+1945-1954&rft.date=1972&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Crimes of War: A Legal, Political-Documentary, and Psychological Inquiry into the Responsibility of Leaders, Citizens, and Soldiers for Criminal Acts in Wars</cite>. <a href="Random_House_(Verlag)" title="Random House (Verlag)">Random House</a>, New York, NY 1971, ISBN 0-394-41415-2.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Crimes+of+War%3A+A+Legal%2C+Political-Documentary%2C+and+Psychological+Inquiry+into+the+Responsibility+of+Leaders%2C+Citizens%2C+and+Soldiers+for+Criminal+Acts+in+Wars&rft.date=1971&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0394414152&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Random+House" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">The Roots of American Foreign Policy: An Analysis of Power and Purpose</cite>. Beacon Press, Boston, MA 1969.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=The+Roots+of+American+Foreign+Policy%3A+An+Analysis+of+Power+and+Purpose&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Beacon+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">The Politics of War: The World and United States Foreign Policy, 1943–1945</cite>. Random House, New York, NY 1990, ISBN 0-679-72757-4.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+War%3A+The+World+and+United+States+Foreign+Policy%2C+1943-1945&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0679727574&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Random+House" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916</cite>. <a href="Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, Princeton, NJ 1965.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Railroads+and+Regulation%2C+1877-1916&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press" style="display:none"> </span> <small>PhD dissertation</small></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History, 1900–1916</cite>. Free Press, New York, NY 1963.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=The+Triumph+of+Conservatism%3A+A+Reinterpretation+of+American+History%2C+1900-1916&rft.date=1963&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Free+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Wealth and Power in America: An Analysis of Social Class and Income Distribution</cite>. Praeger, New York, NY 1962.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Wealth+and+Power+in+America%3A+An+Analysis+of+Social+Class+and+Income+Distribution&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Praeger" style="display:none"> </span>

<ul><li><i>Besitz und Macht: Sozialstruktur und Einkommensverteilung in den USA</i>, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/M. 1967.</li></ul></li>

<li><cite style="font-style:italic">Distribution of Income in the United States</cite>. Student League for Industrial Democracy, New York, NY 1955.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.btitle=Distribution+of+Income+in+the+United+States&rft.date=1955&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Student+League+for+Industrial+Democracy" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Peter_Novick" title="Peter Novick">Peter Novick</a>: <i>That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.</li>

<li>Gerald N. Grob, George A. Billias: <i>Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives</i>, vol 2 Since 1877. New York: The Free Press, 1987.</li>

<li>George Kahin: <i>Intervention: How America Become Involved in Vietnam</i>, New York, 1986.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelbelege">Einzelbelege</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.marquette.edu/facultyblog/2014/06/r-i-p-gabriel-kolko-1932-2014/"><i>R.I.P., Gabriel Kolko (1932–2014) – Marquette University Law School Faculty Blog.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. Juni 2022</span> (amerikanisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AGabriel+Kolko&rft.title=R.I.P.%2C+Gabriel+Kolko+%281932%E2%80%932014%29+%E2%80%93+Marquette+University+Law+School+Faculty+Blog&rft.description=R.I.P.%2C+Gabriel+Kolko+%281932%E2%80%932014%29+%E2%80%93+Marquette+University+Law+School+Faculty+Blog&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.marquette.edu%2Ffacultyblog%2F2014%2F06%2Fr-i-p-gabriel-kolko-1932-2014%2F&rft.language=en-US"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Yardley: <cite style="font-style:italic">Gabriel Kolko, Left-Leaning Historian of U.S. Policy, Dies at 81</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The New York Times</cite>. 11. Juni 2014, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220362-4331%22&key=cql">0362-4331</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/us/gabriel-kolko-left-leaning-historian-of-us-policy-dies-at-81.html">nytimes.com</a> [abgerufen am 23. Juni 2022]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.atitle=Gabriel+Kolko%2C+Left-Leaning+Historian+of+U.S.+Policy%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.au=William+Yardley&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaddis Smith: <cite style="font-style:italic">The United States as villain</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The New York Times</cite>. 10. Oktober 1976, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220362-4331%22&key=cql">0362-4331</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/10/archives/the-united-states-as-villain.html">nytimes.com</a> [abgerufen am 23. Juni 2022]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.atitle=The+United+States+as+villain&rft.au=Gaddis+Smith&rft.date=1976-10-10&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2009/08/25/israel-a-stalemated-action-of-history/"><i>Israel: A Stalemated Action of History.</i></a> 25. August 2009,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 23. Juni 2022</span> (amerikanisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AGabriel+Kolko&rft.title=Israel%3A+A+Stalemated+Action+of+History&rft.description=Israel%3A+A+Stalemated+Action+of+History&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterpunch.org%2F2009%2F08%2F25%2Fisrael-a-stalemated-action-of-history%2F&rft.date=2009-08-25&rft.language=en-US"> </span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">Joyce Kolko</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of Contemporary Asia</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>42</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, August 2012, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220047-2336%22&key=cql">0047-2336</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>349–349</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2012.690561">10.1080/00472336.2012.690561</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.atitle=Joyce+Kolko&rft.date=2012-08&rft.doi=10.1080%2F00472336.2012.690561&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0047-2336&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Asia&rft.pages=349-349&rft.volume=42" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">SPIEGEL ONLINE Interview With Military Historian Gabriel Kolko: 'Many in the US Military Think Bush and Cheney Are Out of Control'</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Der Spiegel</cite>. 15. Oktober 2007, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222195-1349%22&key=cql">2195-1349</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/spiegel-online-interview-with-military-historian-gabriel-kolko-many-in-the-us-military-think-bush-and-cheney-are-out-of-control-a-511492.html">spiegel.de</a> [abgerufen am 23. Juni 2022]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.atitle=SPIEGEL+ONLINE+Interview+With+Military+Historian+Gabriel+Kolko%3A+%27Many+in+the+US+Military+Think+Bush+and+Cheney+Are+Out+of+Control%27&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:italic">Historian Interview: 'The US Will Lose War Regardless What it Does'</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Der Spiegel</cite>. 10. September 2007, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222195-1349%22&key=cql">2195-1349</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/historian-interview-the-us-will-lose-war-regardless-what-it-does-a-504865.html">spiegel.de</a> [abgerufen am 23. Juni 2022]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Gabriel+Kolko&rft.atitle=Historian+Interview%3A+%27The+US+Will+Lose+War+Regardless+What+it+Does%27&rft.date=2007-09-10&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel" style="display:none"> </span></span>

</li>

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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120929007">120929007</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50042984">n50042984</a></span> | <a href="Web_NDL_Authorities" title="Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00469747">00469747</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108376001/">108376001</a></span> | </div>

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